新概念英语第三册答疑精选

2016-04-08 00:00:00伟杰 新概念英语

  引导语:关于新概念英语的答疑精选,由应届毕业生培训网整理而成,谢谢您的阅读。

  问题一:什么叫从句??什么是定语从句??

  老师回复:1 从句就是复合句.

  2.定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

  请看以下详解:

  关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。

  关系副词有:when, where, why等。

  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

  1)who, whom, that

  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

  他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

  他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

  2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:

  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

  3)which, that

  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:

  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)

  The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。

  1)when, where, why

  关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:

  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

  2)that代替关系副词

  that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:

  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

  判断关系代词与关系副词

  方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:

  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

  I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

  判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)

  (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

  (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

  (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

  (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

  习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

  方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

  例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

  例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

  答案:例1 D,例2 A

  例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

  例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

  在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。

  而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。

  关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。

  1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:

  This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)

  The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)

  2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:

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